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商業模式創新的四種方法(二)

Four Methods of Business Model Innovation(2)

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核心提示:按照IBM商業研究所和哈佛商學院克利斯坦森教授(Christensen)的觀點,商業模式就是一個企業的基本經營方法(method of doing business)。它包含四部分: 用戶價值定義(customer value proposition), 利潤公式(profit formula), 產業定位(value chain location),核心資源和流程(key resources &processes)。

按照IBM商業研究所和哈佛商學院克利斯坦森教授(Christensen)的觀點,商業模式就是一個企業的基本經營方法(method of doing business)。它包含四部分: 用戶價值定義(customer value proposition), 利潤公式(profit formula), 產業定位(value chain location),核心資源和流程(key resources &processes)。

商業模式創新就是對企業以上的基本經營方法進行變革。一般而言,有四種方法:改變收入模式(revenue model innovation),改變企業模式(enterprise model),改變產業模式(industry model innovation)和改變技術模式(technology-driven innovation)。

改變企業模式就是改變一個企業在產業鏈的位置和充當的角色,也就是說,改變其價值定義中 “造”和“買”(make or buy)的搭配。一般而言,企業的這種變化是通過垂直整合策略(vertical integration)或出售及外包(outsourcing)來實現。如谷歌在意識到大眾對信息的獲得已從桌面平臺向移動平臺轉移,自身僅作為桌面平臺搜索引擎會逐漸喪失競爭力,就實施垂直整合,大手筆收購摩托羅拉手機和安卓移動平臺操作系統,進入移動平臺領域,從而改變了自己在產業鏈中的位置及商業模式。

改變產業模式是最激進的一種商業模式創新,它要求一個企業重新定義本產業,進入或創造一個新產業。如IBM通過推動智能星球計劃(Smart Planet Initiative)和云計算。它重新整合資源,進入新領域并創造新產業,如商業運營外包服務(business process outsourcing)和綜合商業變革服務(business transformation services)等,力求成為企業總體商務運作的大管家。亞馬遜也是如此。它正在進行的商業模式創新向產業鏈后方延伸,為各類商業用戶提供如物流和信息技術管理的商務運作支持服務(Business Infrastructure Services),并向它們開放自身的20個全球貨物配發中心,并大力進入云計算領域,成為提供相關平臺、軟件和服務的領袖。

第四種方法是改變技術模式。正如產品創新往往是商業模式創新的最主要驅動力,技術變革也是如此。企業可以通過引進激進型技術來主導自身的商業模式創新,如當年眾多企業利用互聯網進行商業模式創新。當今,最具潛力的技術是云計算,它能提供諸多嶄新的用戶價值,從而提供企業進行商業模式創新的契機。(中國進出口網

As IBM Business Institute and Harvard Business School professor Christensen said, a company's business model is the basic method of doing business), which contains four parts: customer value proposition, profit formula, value chain location, key resources & processes.

Business model innovation is to change the basic operation methods of enterprises. In general, there are four ways: the revenue model innovation, enterprise model changing, the industry model innovation, and technology-driven innovation.

To change the enterprise model is to change the role that an enterprise plays in the industrial chain, that is, to change the match between "make" and "buy". In general, this change is achieved through vertical integration or sale and outsourcing. For example, Google realizes people obtain information from Desktop to the mobile platform, as a desktop search engine, it will gradually lose its competitive edge on the implementation of vertical integration, thus Google makes acquisition of Motorola mobile phones and mobile platform Android operating system, entering the mobile field platform, changing its position in the industrial chain and business model.

Changing industry model is the most radical business model innovation, which requires a company to redefine this industry, enter or create a new industry. For example, IBM promotes Smart Planet Initiative and cloud computing, re-integrates resources, enters new areas and creates new industries, such as business process outsourcing and business transformation services, IMB strives to become the steward of the overall enterprise business operations. It’s the same with Amazon, its ongoing business model innovation chain extends rearward, such as providing business users with Business Infrastructure Services such as logistics and information technology, opening their own 20 global cargo distribution centers, and vigorously entering cloud computing, finally becoming the leaders providing relevant platforms, software and services.

The fourth method is to change the technical mode. As product innovation is often the main driving force of business model innovation, technological change as well. Enterprises can introduce radical technologies to lead their business model innovation, likewise, many companies use the Internet for business model innovation. Today, the most promising technology is cloud computing, which provides many new user value, thus providing opportunities to make enterprise business model innovation.
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