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“美國(guó)制造”正在挑戰(zhàn)“中國(guó)制造”
由于工資大幅上漲和能源成本上升造成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降，向來(lái)被稱之為“世界工廠”的中國(guó)在全球制造業(yè)賽跑中開(kāi)始落后。
根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)相對(duì)于美國(guó)的制造業(yè)價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)逐漸消失，其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降的國(guó)家還包括巴西、俄羅斯、捷克和波蘭。
相反，由于溫和的工資增長(zhǎng)和能源價(jià)格下降，美國(guó)和墨西哥成為更受青睞的制造業(yè)產(chǎn)地。未來(lái)數(shù)年將會(huì)有越來(lái)越多美國(guó)企業(yè)選擇在本土附近生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。
最近美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也證明了這一點(diǎn)。上周美國(guó)公布7月份工業(yè)產(chǎn)出上升0.4%。7月份制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出上升1%。
中國(guó)的工資成本正在大幅飆升。2000年的時(shí)候，墨西哥的制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力成本大約是中國(guó)兩倍。但2004年以來(lái)，中國(guó)的工資成本已經(jīng)上升5倍，而墨西哥僅上升67%。
能源成本上升也在侵蝕中國(guó)的制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)的研究，從2004年到2014年，中國(guó)工業(yè)用電成本上升66%，俄羅斯上升132%；中國(guó)天然氣成本飆升大約138%，俄羅斯上升202%。
雖然俄羅斯是天然氣出口大國(guó)，美國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣產(chǎn)量上升大幅推低了美國(guó)的能源價(jià)格，相比之下，俄羅斯仍依賴傳統(tǒng)天然氣，價(jià)格大幅上漲。
美國(guó)制造業(yè)向本土回流不單單是工資和能源成本的問(wèn)題，物流和良好的營(yíng)商環(huán)境也是重要的考量因素，此外在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更容易實(shí)施質(zhì)量控制。
根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)2012年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，隨著美國(guó)企業(yè)重新測(cè)算在中國(guó)的生產(chǎn)成本，部分行業(yè)將會(huì)在5年左右達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)，開(kāi)始將制造向國(guó)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移。這些行業(yè)包括計(jì)算機(jī)和電子、家電和電氣設(shè)備、家具、卡車配件和自行車等運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品。這些行業(yè)勞動(dòng)力成本占比較低、運(yùn)輸成本較高，因此可能會(huì)最先向國(guó)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移。（更多全球資訊請(qǐng)瀏覽中國(guó)進(jìn)出口網(wǎng)）
"Made in USA" Challenging the "Made in China"
The sharp rise in wages and rising energy costs causing the competitiveness declining, China, once known as the "world factory", starts behind in the global manufacturing.
According to the latest data released by the Boston Consulting Group, China's manufacturing price advantage over US is gradually disappearing, other competitiveness-declining countries include Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland.
On the contrary, due to moderate wage growth and energy prices decline, the United States and Mexico has become more popular in the manufacturing origin. The next few years there will be more and more U.S. companies choosing to produce the product in the local vicinity.
Recent U.S. economic data also proved this point. Last week, the United States announced industrial output in July rose 0.4 per cent. The manufacturing output in July rose 1 per cent.
China's wage costs are soaring. In 2000, the labor cost in the manufacturing sector in Mexico is about twice that in China. But since 2004, China's wage costs have risen five times, while Mexico increased by only 67%.
Rising energy costs also eroded the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. According to Boston Consulting Group, from 2004 to 2014, China's industrial electricity costs increased by 66%, Russia increased by 132%; China natural gas costs surged about 138%, Russia increased by 202%.
Although Russia is a major exporter of natural gas. Shale gas production in US rose sharply, pushing down the U.S. energy prices. In contrast, Russian still relies on traditional natural gas, and gas prices rose sharply.
American manufacturing back to US is not just a matter of wage and energy cost, logistics and a good business environment are also important factors. In addition, product quality is easier controlled.
It was reported by the Boston Consulting Group in 2012, with the American Enterprise re-estimating the product cost in China, some of the industry will reach a critical point in about 5 years, then they will begin to shift manufacturing to US. These industries include computers and electronics, home appliances and electrical equipment, furniture, truck accessories, bicycles and other transportation products. In these industries labor costs account lower and transportation costs account higher, so they may first start the domestic transfer.
由于工資大幅上漲和能源成本上升造成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降，向來(lái)被稱之為“世界工廠”的中國(guó)在全球制造業(yè)賽跑中開(kāi)始落后。
根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)相對(duì)于美國(guó)的制造業(yè)價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)逐漸消失，其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降的國(guó)家還包括巴西、俄羅斯、捷克和波蘭。
相反，由于溫和的工資增長(zhǎng)和能源價(jià)格下降，美國(guó)和墨西哥成為更受青睞的制造業(yè)產(chǎn)地。未來(lái)數(shù)年將會(huì)有越來(lái)越多美國(guó)企業(yè)選擇在本土附近生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。
最近美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也證明了這一點(diǎn)。上周美國(guó)公布7月份工業(yè)產(chǎn)出上升0.4%。7月份制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出上升1%。
中國(guó)的工資成本正在大幅飆升。2000年的時(shí)候，墨西哥的制造業(yè)勞動(dòng)力成本大約是中國(guó)兩倍。但2004年以來(lái)，中國(guó)的工資成本已經(jīng)上升5倍，而墨西哥僅上升67%。
能源成本上升也在侵蝕中國(guó)的制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)的研究，從2004年到2014年，中國(guó)工業(yè)用電成本上升66%，俄羅斯上升132%；中國(guó)天然氣成本飆升大約138%，俄羅斯上升202%。
雖然俄羅斯是天然氣出口大國(guó)，美國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣產(chǎn)量上升大幅推低了美國(guó)的能源價(jià)格，相比之下，俄羅斯仍依賴傳統(tǒng)天然氣，價(jià)格大幅上漲。
美國(guó)制造業(yè)向本土回流不單單是工資和能源成本的問(wèn)題，物流和良好的營(yíng)商環(huán)境也是重要的考量因素，此外在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更容易實(shí)施質(zhì)量控制。
根據(jù)波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)2012年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，隨著美國(guó)企業(yè)重新測(cè)算在中國(guó)的生產(chǎn)成本，部分行業(yè)將會(huì)在5年左右達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)，開(kāi)始將制造向國(guó)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移。這些行業(yè)包括計(jì)算機(jī)和電子、家電和電氣設(shè)備、家具、卡車配件和自行車等運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品。這些行業(yè)勞動(dòng)力成本占比較低、運(yùn)輸成本較高，因此可能會(huì)最先向國(guó)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移。（更多全球資訊請(qǐng)瀏覽中國(guó)進(jìn)出口網(wǎng)）
"Made in USA" Challenging the "Made in China"
The sharp rise in wages and rising energy costs causing the competitiveness declining, China, once known as the "world factory", starts behind in the global manufacturing.
According to the latest data released by the Boston Consulting Group, China's manufacturing price advantage over US is gradually disappearing, other competitiveness-declining countries include Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland.
On the contrary, due to moderate wage growth and energy prices decline, the United States and Mexico has become more popular in the manufacturing origin. The next few years there will be more and more U.S. companies choosing to produce the product in the local vicinity.
Recent U.S. economic data also proved this point. Last week, the United States announced industrial output in July rose 0.4 per cent. The manufacturing output in July rose 1 per cent.
China's wage costs are soaring. In 2000, the labor cost in the manufacturing sector in Mexico is about twice that in China. But since 2004, China's wage costs have risen five times, while Mexico increased by only 67%.
Rising energy costs also eroded the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. According to Boston Consulting Group, from 2004 to 2014, China's industrial electricity costs increased by 66%, Russia increased by 132%; China natural gas costs surged about 138%, Russia increased by 202%.
Although Russia is a major exporter of natural gas. Shale gas production in US rose sharply, pushing down the U.S. energy prices. In contrast, Russian still relies on traditional natural gas, and gas prices rose sharply.
American manufacturing back to US is not just a matter of wage and energy cost, logistics and a good business environment are also important factors. In addition, product quality is easier controlled.
It was reported by the Boston Consulting Group in 2012, with the American Enterprise re-estimating the product cost in China, some of the industry will reach a critical point in about 5 years, then they will begin to shift manufacturing to US. These industries include computers and electronics, home appliances and electrical equipment, furniture, truck accessories, bicycles and other transportation products. In these industries labor costs account lower and transportation costs account higher, so they may first start the domestic transfer.
