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“美國制造”正在挑戰“中國制造”
由于工資大幅上漲和能源成本上升造成競爭力下降，向來被稱之為“世界工廠”的中國在全球制造業賽跑中開始落后。
根據波士頓咨詢集團發布的最新數據，中國相對于美國的制造業價格優勢逐漸消失，其他競爭力下降的國家還包括巴西、俄羅斯、捷克和波蘭。
相反，由于溫和的工資增長和能源價格下降，美國和墨西哥成為更受青睞的制造業產地。未來數年將會有越來越多美國企業選擇在本土附近生產產品。
最近美國的經濟數據也證明了這一點。上周美國公布7月份工業產出上升0.4%。7月份制造業產出上升1%。
中國的工資成本正在大幅飆升。2000年的時候，墨西哥的制造業勞動力成本大約是中國兩倍。但2004年以來，中國的工資成本已經上升5倍，而墨西哥僅上升67%。
能源成本上升也在侵蝕中國的制造業競爭力。根據波士頓咨詢集團的研究，從2004年到2014年，中國工業用電成本上升66%，俄羅斯上升132%；中國天然氣成本飆升大約138%，俄羅斯上升202%。
雖然俄羅斯是天然氣出口大國，美國頁巖氣產量上升大幅推低了美國的能源價格，相比之下，俄羅斯仍依賴傳統天然氣，價格大幅上漲。
美國制造業向本土回流不單單是工資和能源成本的問題，物流和良好的營商環境也是重要的考量因素，此外在國內生產更容易實施質量控制。
根據波士頓咨詢集團2012年發布的一份報告，隨著美國企業重新測算在中國的生產成本，部分行業將會在5年左右達到臨界點，開始將制造向國內轉移。這些行業包括計算機和電子、家電和電氣設備、家具、卡車配件和自行車等運輸產品。這些行業勞動力成本占比較低、運輸成本較高，因此可能會最先向國內轉移。（更多全球資訊請瀏覽中國進出口網）
"Made in USA" Challenging the "Made in China"
The sharp rise in wages and rising energy costs causing the competitiveness declining, China, once known as the "world factory", starts behind in the global manufacturing.
According to the latest data released by the Boston Consulting Group, China's manufacturing price advantage over US is gradually disappearing, other competitiveness-declining countries include Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland.
On the contrary, due to moderate wage growth and energy prices decline, the United States and Mexico has become more popular in the manufacturing origin. The next few years there will be more and more U.S. companies choosing to produce the product in the local vicinity.
Recent U.S. economic data also proved this point. Last week, the United States announced industrial output in July rose 0.4 per cent. The manufacturing output in July rose 1 per cent.
China's wage costs are soaring. In 2000, the labor cost in the manufacturing sector in Mexico is about twice that in China. But since 2004, China's wage costs have risen five times, while Mexico increased by only 67%.
Rising energy costs also eroded the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. According to Boston Consulting Group, from 2004 to 2014, China's industrial electricity costs increased by 66%, Russia increased by 132%; China natural gas costs surged about 138%, Russia increased by 202%.
Although Russia is a major exporter of natural gas. Shale gas production in US rose sharply, pushing down the U.S. energy prices. In contrast, Russian still relies on traditional natural gas, and gas prices rose sharply.
American manufacturing back to US is not just a matter of wage and energy cost, logistics and a good business environment are also important factors. In addition, product quality is easier controlled.
It was reported by the Boston Consulting Group in 2012, with the American Enterprise re-estimating the product cost in China, some of the industry will reach a critical point in about 5 years, then they will begin to shift manufacturing to US. These industries include computers and electronics, home appliances and electrical equipment, furniture, truck accessories, bicycles and other transportation products. In these industries labor costs account lower and transportation costs account higher, so they may first start the domestic transfer.
由于工資大幅上漲和能源成本上升造成競爭力下降，向來被稱之為“世界工廠”的中國在全球制造業賽跑中開始落后。
根據波士頓咨詢集團發布的最新數據，中國相對于美國的制造業價格優勢逐漸消失，其他競爭力下降的國家還包括巴西、俄羅斯、捷克和波蘭。
相反，由于溫和的工資增長和能源價格下降，美國和墨西哥成為更受青睞的制造業產地。未來數年將會有越來越多美國企業選擇在本土附近生產產品。
最近美國的經濟數據也證明了這一點。上周美國公布7月份工業產出上升0.4%。7月份制造業產出上升1%。
中國的工資成本正在大幅飆升。2000年的時候，墨西哥的制造業勞動力成本大約是中國兩倍。但2004年以來，中國的工資成本已經上升5倍，而墨西哥僅上升67%。
能源成本上升也在侵蝕中國的制造業競爭力。根據波士頓咨詢集團的研究，從2004年到2014年，中國工業用電成本上升66%，俄羅斯上升132%；中國天然氣成本飆升大約138%，俄羅斯上升202%。
雖然俄羅斯是天然氣出口大國，美國頁巖氣產量上升大幅推低了美國的能源價格，相比之下，俄羅斯仍依賴傳統天然氣，價格大幅上漲。
美國制造業向本土回流不單單是工資和能源成本的問題，物流和良好的營商環境也是重要的考量因素，此外在國內生產更容易實施質量控制。
根據波士頓咨詢集團2012年發布的一份報告，隨著美國企業重新測算在中國的生產成本，部分行業將會在5年左右達到臨界點，開始將制造向國內轉移。這些行業包括計算機和電子、家電和電氣設備、家具、卡車配件和自行車等運輸產品。這些行業勞動力成本占比較低、運輸成本較高，因此可能會最先向國內轉移。（更多全球資訊請瀏覽中國進出口網）
"Made in USA" Challenging the "Made in China"
The sharp rise in wages and rising energy costs causing the competitiveness declining, China, once known as the "world factory", starts behind in the global manufacturing.
According to the latest data released by the Boston Consulting Group, China's manufacturing price advantage over US is gradually disappearing, other competitiveness-declining countries include Brazil, Russia, the Czech Republic and Poland.
On the contrary, due to moderate wage growth and energy prices decline, the United States and Mexico has become more popular in the manufacturing origin. The next few years there will be more and more U.S. companies choosing to produce the product in the local vicinity.
Recent U.S. economic data also proved this point. Last week, the United States announced industrial output in July rose 0.4 per cent. The manufacturing output in July rose 1 per cent.
China's wage costs are soaring. In 2000, the labor cost in the manufacturing sector in Mexico is about twice that in China. But since 2004, China's wage costs have risen five times, while Mexico increased by only 67%.
Rising energy costs also eroded the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. According to Boston Consulting Group, from 2004 to 2014, China's industrial electricity costs increased by 66%, Russia increased by 132%; China natural gas costs surged about 138%, Russia increased by 202%.
Although Russia is a major exporter of natural gas. Shale gas production in US rose sharply, pushing down the U.S. energy prices. In contrast, Russian still relies on traditional natural gas, and gas prices rose sharply.
American manufacturing back to US is not just a matter of wage and energy cost, logistics and a good business environment are also important factors. In addition, product quality is easier controlled.
It was reported by the Boston Consulting Group in 2012, with the American Enterprise re-estimating the product cost in China, some of the industry will reach a critical point in about 5 years, then they will begin to shift manufacturing to US. These industries include computers and electronics, home appliances and electrical equipment, furniture, truck accessories, bicycles and other transportation products. In these industries labor costs account lower and transportation costs account higher, so they may first start the domestic transfer.
